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1920s Advertising Creative Directors | Advertising the American Dream
1934, Advertising, New Outlook Magazine

Winners in the 1920s Ad Game
(New Outlook Magazine, 1934)

This article is composed of 15 thumbnail biographies that serve to profile the most victorious men (and one woman) to have ever plied their craft in the world of American advertising during the Twenties and early Thirties. The fact that many of the clients listed herein are still around today will indicate how thoroughly these innovators had succeeded in making their names household words. Some of the the brainiacs profiled are Stanley Resor of J. Walter Thompson, Raymond Rubicam of Young & Rubicam, Gerard Lambert of Lambert & Feasley, Bruce Barton of BBDO and copywriter Lillian Eichler.

End of National Prohibition | End of Prohibition Era
1932, New Outlook Magazine, Prohibition History

An Era’s End
(New Outlook Magazine, 1932)

What is to be said of an era which produced ‘speak-easy frocks’ and ‘bargain day’ in the Federal courts; battalions of snoopers abroad in the land, legal homicides by dry agents, sopping wet public dinners throughout the Republic and ‘the man in the green hat’ filling the lockers of dry statesmen in the House and Senate office buildings?…What political, sociological and emotional changes the silently resisting mass wrought. We passed from the period when only prohibitionists were regarded by the general public as respectable. We came finally to the time, within twelve years, when the reverse was true.

The Army as Moral Guardian... (Literary Digest, 1917)
1917, Prohibition History, The Literary Digest

The Army as Moral Guardian…
(Literary Digest, 1917)

Our boys are to be drafted into service. We cannot afford to draft them into a demoralizing environment.

-the words of Mr. Raymond B. Fosdick (who would later be lampooned by Chester Gould in the comic strip, Dick Tracy as Fearless Fosdick) as he announced the intentions of the Federal Commission on Training Camp Activities. This long forgotten and failed government program was set up two years prior to prohibition to combat the demoralizing influences so the officers and men could concentrate on more sublime topics, like chemical warfare.

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Getting Around the Prohibition Laws (Stars and Stripes, 1919)
1919, Prohibition History, The Stars and Stripes

Getting Around the Prohibition Laws
(Stars and Stripes, 1919)

To be sure, there were complications with the prohibition of alcohol in the United States. While American clergy debated with government concerning the issue of sacraments involving wine, one enterprising restaurateur took advantage of the fact that the law, as it was originally written, only involved alcoholic beverages and decided to offer an inebriate in the form of a jelly sandwich.

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Shall Tobacco Be Prohibited, Too? (Current Opinion, 1921)
1921, Current Opinion Magazine, Prohibition History

Shall Tobacco Be Prohibited, Too?
(Current Opinion, 1921)

Tobacco is not food. It is a drug. A healthy human being can get along without it. One who has never used it is better off, his health has a surer foundation and his life expectancy is greater than in the case of one who is a habitual user.


The cautionary paragraph posted above was written in the early Twenties, and this article points out that the health advocates of the that era were not delusional or ill-informed in matters involving tobacco and health care. Tobacco’s ability to harm was understood so well that an effort was afoot in the U.S. Congress to make the weed illegal. Needless to say, that effort did not get very far.


In the 1950s, some people questioned whether cigarettes were truly dangerous – click here to read about it…

Prohibition and Billy Sunday Article | Popular American Clergy in the 1920s
1913, Prohibition History, The Literary Digest

Billy Sunday Campaign Trail for Prohibition
(Literary Digest, 1913)

I 1913 Presbyterian preacher Billy Sunday (1862 – 1935) was, without a doubt, one of the most visible advocates for the successful implementation of any federal legislation that would outlaw liquor across America. When it became clear to many that Prohibition was causing far more problems than it solved, he continued to strongly support the legislation, and after its repeal in 1933 the Preacher called for its reinstatement.

The Hastening of Prohibition (The Literary Digest, 1918)
1918, Prohibition History, The Literary Digest

The Hastening of Prohibition
(The Literary Digest, 1918)

The Dry forces in Washington, who vigorously patted themselves on the back for having been able to get the Eighteenth Amendment through Congress in December of 1917, wanted the law to take effect sooner than the amendment had mandated. Shortly after the signing of the Armistice, they rallied their members on the Hill and launched a piece of legislation through Congress called the Emergency Agricultural Appropriations Bill:

President Wilson signs the Emergency Agricultural Appropriations Bill, whose rider provides for national prohibition from July 1 next until the American Army is demobilized.

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The 1918 New York Elections (The Stars and Stripes, 1918)
1918, Prohibition History, The Stars and Stripes

The 1918 New York Elections
(The Stars and Stripes, 1918)

By the time this short notice was seen on page one of THE STARS and STRIPES during the Spring of 1918, the political momentum was clearly on the side of the Prohibition advocates and the voters of many states had elected to go dry long before the Congress had decided to amend the Constitution. The 1918 election in New York between Wets and Drys was a close one and the eyes of the nation were watching. The headline read:

PROHIBITION RACE NOW NECK AND NECK: TWENTY NEW YORK CITIES DRY AND NINETEEN WET…

The deciding and unknown factor was the women of New York, who were permitted to vote in municipal elections.

Lord, Deliver Us from Prohibition (The Smart Set, 1920)
1920, Prohibition History, The Smart Set

Lord, Deliver Us from Prohibition
(The Smart Set, 1920)

For some unexplained reason, H.L. Mencken (1880 – 1956) wrote this essay under the pseudonym Major Owen Hatteras. The one page article is written in typical Menkenese and catalogs example after example of how prohibition is creating a worse society, not a better one; citizens of all stripes who would otherwise be judged as honest souls, are instead committing illegal acts and there seemed to be no end in sight to such behavior.

Anti-Soft Drink Legislation Defeated (The Atlanta Georgian, 1917)
1917, Prohibition History, The Atlanta Georgian

Anti-Soft Drink Legislation Defeated
(The Atlanta Georgian, 1917)

On the same day that it was announced that the state of Georgia was going to prohibit alcohol a full year and a half prior to the Congressional measure, a bill died in the state legislature that would have prohibited all alcohol substitutes that had caffeine, as well (Georgia, you’ll recall is the home of the Coca-Cola Company):

In an effort to force the bone-dry majority of the House to the greatest extreme, Representative Stark of Jackson, Friday offered an amendment which would have barred all substitutes for liquor, all patent medicines, and soft drinks containing caffeine.

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Christianity vs. Prohibition (The North American Review, 1918)
1918, Prohibition History, The North American Review

Christianity vs. Prohibition
(The North American Review, 1918)

Seeing that much of the momentum to prohibit the national sale, distribution and consumption of wine and spirits originated with a hardy chunk of the observant Christian community, the Reverend John Cole McKim decided to weigh in on the topic. McKim tended to believe that:

Christ, being divine and consequently infallible, could not have erred. Since it is well known that Christ used wine Himself and gave it to others…

He further opined:

But to vote what one regards as a natural right shall be declared forever illegal, is cowardly, un-American, and un-Christian.

Bootleg Whiskey as Poisoner (Literary Digest, 1922)
1922, Prohibition History, The Literary Digest

Bootleg Whiskey as Poisoner
(Literary Digest, 1922)

A 1922 magazine article concerning the dangers of black market liquor in the United States during the Prohibition period (1919 – 1933):

When you drink bootleg the chances are better than nine out of ten that you are drinking rank poison.

This is not the statement issued either by Prohibitionists to discourage drinking, or by a Anti-Prohibitionist to show what Prohibition has brought us to. It is the conclusion of a large newspaper service, which had it’s men in various parts of the country buy the ‘ordinary mine-run of bootleg liquor’, and then had the samples analyzed to get an idea of what a man’s chances are of getting poisonous booze.

Click here to read about President Woodrow Wilson and his wish to re-write the post-war Prohibition restrictions.

W.W. I and the Advancement of Prohibition (Literary Digest, 1916)
1916, Prohibition History, The Literary Digest

W.W. I and the Advancement of Prohibition
(Literary Digest, 1916)

Since the earliest days of World War I, the European combatant nations made some adjustments in regard to the sale of alcohol and the hours in which pubs could operate. When the U.S. entered the war in April of 1917, Congress decided that they had better do the same – but they were far more harsh on the topic – closing bars entirely and outlawing all wines and spirits – except for their use in religious sacraments. In the attached article journalist gathered data from various newspapers that were located in states that were already dry in order to study how the experiment was proceeding.

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Prohibition Comes to Washington, D.C. (The Atlanta Georgian, 1917)
1917, Prohibition History, The Atlanta Georgian

Prohibition Comes to Washington, D.C.
(The Atlanta Georgian, 1917)

In 1917 Washington, D.C. had no mayor, no city council and no say as to the goings on in Congress – the city was lorded over by the President and a Congressional commission. It was set up that way by the founders – and that is how Prohibition came to Washington, D.C. two years earlier than the rest of the nation: with the flick of his wrist, President Wilson signed the Sheppard Bill, legislation that declared that after November 1, 1918 all alcohol would be prohibited in the District of Columbia.

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