In a very short amount of space the U.S. Army history section succinctly outlined Japan's grim situation in 1945 and the events that led to the dropping of the Atomic Bomb:
"By the summer of 1945 it was obvious to most responsible leaders in Japan that the end of the war was near. For the first time those who favored ending the war came out in the open, and in June Japan sent out peace feelers through the Soviet Union. The rejection of the Potsdam Declaration of 26 July, however, sealed the doom of Japan..."
Click here to read further about the 1945 Atomic bombings...
Click here to read about the invention of the Intercontinental Ballistic Missile