In the Fall of 1932 white parishioners attending Harlem's All Souls Episcopal Church attempted to oust their pastor for failing to turn away the neighboring African-Americans who wished to join the church; white membership by this time had been reduced to 25 percent and it was their desire that their darker coreligionists find some other place to worship the Son of Man. The Episcopal Bishop of New York City, William T. Manning (1921 – 1946), having been alerted to the insurrection, donned his most resplendent vestments and headed uptown. Accompanied by New York's finest, the Bishop stood before the mutineers "and unburdened himself of his views on racial equality".
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